Building Prosperity through Policy: Land Revenue and Agricultural Reform in the Sikh Empire

Abstract

This article examines the land revenue system, agricultural policies, and administrative reforms instituted during Maharaja Ranjit Singh's rule in Punjab. Ranjit Singh prioritized agricultural development and welfare by implementing interest-free loans, irrigation initiatives, and incentives for the cultivation of arid lands. His revenue system transitioned from conventional crop-sharing (Batai) to cash-based evaluations (Kankut and Zabti Jama) and revenue farming with set cash payments, so guaranteeing a more reliable state income while safeguarding cultivators from exploitation. The administration fostered a harmonious relationship with many local communities, particularly Muslims, by engaging them in governance and financial matters. Substantial infrastructural advancements, including canals and wells, enhanced agricultural production, facilitating trade and urban expansion. This study emphasizes Ranjit Singh's commitment to economic stability, social welfare, and efficient revenue collection, establishing a robust basis for the region's success, despite the scarcity of historical records.